2025 – PAGE 298 – INFECTIOUS DISEASES
COMMON TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
| CONTACT PRECAUTIONS | DROPLET PRECAUTIONS | AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS |
| Clostridium difficile | Adenovirus | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Enteroviruses | Bordetella pertussis | Measles |
| Hepatitis A | Haemophilus influenza | Varicella*
Chicken pox and disseminated shingles require airborne and contact precautions. * Localized shingles requires only standard precautions without other precautions. |
| Herpes simplex | Influenza | SARS-CoV-2 requires airborne and contact precautions. |
| Major, draining abscess | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | |
| Multidrug-resistant organisms | Neisseria meningitidis | |
| Parainfluenza virus | Parvovirus B19 | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Rhinovirus | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | ||
| Salmonella | ||
| Scabies | ||
| Shigella |
GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS
PEARL/NOTE: I cannot stress enough how important it is to know the difference between infections caused by Streptococcus PYOGENES, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Knowing Strep from Staph is not enough. Memorize EVERYTHING because this will probably be worth a TON on the exam.
ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS
Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive diplococcus (can look similar to Strep on a Gram stain). It can cause sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. For treatment, don’t you dare choose anything except VANCOMYCIN, LINEZOLID, or AMPICILLIN to treat it!
PEARL: Enterococcus is also covered by rifampin and quinolones, but hopefully that will not be tested. Know that it is NOT covered by cephalosporins.